Free Nursing Flashcards about Laryngeal-Cancer (2024)

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Laryngeal Cancer by Lucy

Question	Answer
S & Sx of Laryngeal Cancer	Persistent hoarseness, chronic sore throat, painful swallowing, pain the ear, voice changes, coughing up bloody sputum, and lump in the neck.
Leukoplakia	A callus like area in the mouth.
Laryngeal Cancer	Is any cancer in the hypopharynx.
Laryngeal Polyps	A polyp is a ball of tissue, attached to the vocal cord by a stalk. Laryngeal polyps are made up of the cells that line the vocal cords.
Diagnosing Laryngeal Cancer	Direct or indirect laryngoscopy, sometimes they may use bronchoscope, MRI, CT scan, and PET scan is used for metastasis.
Biopsy for tumor staging (TNM)	T: Measure tumorN: Lymph nodes in Laryngoscopic anatomyM: Metastasis
Etiology of Laryngeal cancer	Epidemiology; squamous cell. Pathophysiology;intrinsic tumors. Extrinsic tumors.
Treatment for Laryngeal cancer	Ablation, Radiation, Chemotherapy, and laser surgery.
Treatment for Laryngeal Cancer in the Supra-glottis	Surgery with or without post-op RT (radiation therapy), and definitive RT.
Treatment for Laryngeal Cancer in the Glottis	Surgery with or without post-op RT, and definitive RT.
Treatment for Laryngeal Cancer in the Sub-Glottis	Laryngectomy + isolated thyroidectomy + tracheosophageal node dissection + post-op RT, and RT only.
Laryngectomy (two parts)	1. Removal of the diseased or injured larynx.2. Creation of a new opening, called a stoma, through which breathing will take place.
First Part of a Laryngectomy	The surgeon makers an incision in the neck and divides the muscles that are attached to the larynx. The larynx and surrounding tissue are removed. In a partial laryngectomy, surgeon removes the tumor and only a portion of the larynx.
Second Part of a Laryngectomy	Next, a stoma is created through the skin in the neck, and the trachea(windpipe) is connected to the opening to breathe. A tracheostomy tube may be inserted.
Third Part of a Laryngectomy	Drains (Hemovac or JP) are inserted to allow for adequate drainage. The muscles and skin are brought together and closed with stitches or clips. Drains will be removed in about five days, stitches in about one week.
Laryngectomy Surgery	Partial: Hemilaryngectomy-removal of false cord, arytenoid, & inside of thyroid cartilage.Total-remove epiglottis, thyroid cartilage, 3 or 4 tracheal rings, close pharynx, make tracheostomy.
The Outcomes for a Patient with a permanent Tracheostomy	They will have a peg tube to eat, and they may lose the use of their vocal cords.
Nursing Management with a Total Laryngectomy	Pre-op: Emotional needs and artificial speech/method of communication.Post-op: Respiratory status, pain, and complications.
Nursing Interventions Post-op of a Laryngectomy	Prevent aspiration pneumonia, using sterile technique during dressing changes, nurse and patient will wear masks during dressing changes, Watch for fistula formation and bleeding in case an artery is cut. Change dressing PRN.
Radical neck Dissection	The aim of the procedure is to remove lymph nodes & other structures from the neck in which cancer cells may have migrated. Metastasis of SCC into the lymph nodes of the neck reduce survival and is the most important factor in the spread of the disease.
T R A C H E	T- Tapes, to keep trache secureR- Resuscitate, Know CPR A- Airway clear, use correct suction technique.C- Care of the site, Stoma and neck.H- Humidity, essential to keep tube clear.E- Emergency box,supplies needed for emergency.
Nursing Diagnoses	Ineffective airway clearance, risk for infection, impaired verbal communication, impaired swallowing, and ineffective therapeutic regimen management.
Complications of Surgery	Airway obstruction, Hemorrhage, Carotid artery rupture(watch for pulsating trache tube), and Fistula formation(can occur from the larynx to the trachea).
Laryngospasm	Spasm of the laryngeal muscles. May occur after anesthesia, after intubation, and after extubation. Treatment; oxygen and bronchodilators.
Tracheostomy	A surgical opening into the trachea. Used to maintain airway over an extended period of time.
Nursing Intervention For a Patient with a Tracheostomy	Must establish method of communication. Maintain safety. Assess breathing. Maintain cuff pressure appropriately (whistling or wheezing around trache tube means the cuff is deflated). Keep stoma clean and dry until it heals.
Nursing Management for Tracheostomy	Providing tracheostomy care, swallowing dysfunction, speech with a tracheostomy tube, and decannulation.
Decannulation	When a patient can adequately exchange air and expectorate. Stoma closed with tape & covered with dressing. Instruct patient to splint stoma with fingers when coughing, swallowing, or speaking. Tissue form in 24-48hrs. Opening will close in 3-4wks.
Cuff Maintenance	You only want the cuff deflated to eat or for speech therapy. The cuff must be inflated all other times to prevent aspiration.
Suctioning	You only go in as far as the length of the trache tube. Always suction on the way out not going in, you will take their breath away. Make sure you have an emergency box nearby.
Teaching: Self Care	Proper care of tube: inner cannula, suctioning, and humidification. Stoma care, resuscitation measures, accidental decannulation (reinsertion of entire tube).
Client Teaching Guide	Covering and cleaning stoma, no swimming/no smoking, loss of smell- use smoke detectors, and ID bracelet.

Created by: tiniekittie12

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